中新网评:美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后,美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕,众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录,将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
受益于社会,更须回报社会!网信企业负责人谈社会责任******
12月27日至29日,由中央网信办、国家市场监督管理总局、国家广播电视总局、天津市人民政府指导,中国网络空间研究院、天津市委网信办、中共天津市滨海新区委员会、天津市滨海新区人民政府主办,《网络传播》杂志、北京大学新媒体研究院承办的2021网信企业发展和社会责任论坛在京举行。期间,网信企业围绕“强化使命担当,践行社会责任,推动网信企业规范健康发展”主题,分享了各自实践。
让技术更有温度
截至2021年6月,我国互联网上市企业总市值达18.8万亿元,较2020年底增长3.9%。一年多来,我国网信企业在弘扬主流价值、共享信息资源、引领产业发展、促进经济转型、推动技术创新、服务改善民生等方面,发挥了重要作用。
“互联网的蓬勃发展,不断拓展人类的认知边界,有效助力经济社会高效发展。发展并不代表无序扩张,技术迭代也不是野马脱缰。新时代下,互联网企业的社会责任尤为重要。”新浪微博首席执行官王高飞说。
云账户(天津)共享经济信息咨询有限公司董事长杨晖介绍,云账户利用数字技术赋能,坚持科技向善,实现了“秒批办照”“秒级到账”“无工不保”。
腾讯集团副总裁陈勇认为,责任的升级推动着腾讯对社会责任理解的进化。腾讯正在“科技向善”的牵引下,探索以“三个统一”来推动可持续社会价值创新——企业发展与社会价值的统一,向上升级与向下扎根的统一,立足当下和着眼未来的统一。
压实平台主体责任
在主论坛上,中国网络空间研究院党委副书记宣兴章宣介了《中国网信企业发展和社会责任报告(2021)》。网信企业代表宣读了《中国网信企业发展和社会责任倡议书》。
爱奇艺创始人、首席执行官龚宇认为,企业的发展要坚持经济效益和社会效益相统一,要更好地承担起社会责任和道德责任。他表示,近期文娱领域乱象频出,对网络文明空间造成了一定冲击,为此开展的综合治理工作则为文娱行业扫除积弊和网信企业的健康发展指明方向。
“京东现有近20万一线小哥,大多来自农村地区,京东全部签订正式劳动合同,缴纳五险一金,并提供学习成长空间。京东于去年启动乡村振兴‘奔富计划’,计划用三年时间带动乡村万亿产值增长。”京东集团副总裁曾晨说。
将安全理念融入网络
当前,数字化已经成为国家经济社会发展的核心驱动力,融入经济社会发展的各领域全过程,网络安全是数字化发展的前提、基础和保障,与经济社会发展紧密相关。
奇安信集团总裁吴云坤表示,网络安全已成为国家安全的重要组成部分,网络安全企业必须承担起保卫国家网络安全的责任,发展自己的安全能力来支撑和支持国家安全能力建设。
“企业发展受益于社会,企业也必须积极回报社会,发展和责任不是对立的两面,而是相互缠绕形成的企业‘DNA’,一家企业只有勇于承担社会责任,才能获得更好的发展。”吴云坤说。
杭州安恒信息技术股份有限公司高级副总裁段平霞也认为,企业的健康、高质量发展是企业践行社会责任的基础,要善用自身优势,在最能发挥价值的地方作出贡献。
她还提到,做好人才培养,是企业践行社会责任的最佳路径;坚定网络安全为人民,是网络安全企业践行社会责任的永恒灯塔。(记者 黎梦竹 李政葳)